First menstrual period, which usually occurs at age 13, is called what

First menstrual period, which usually occurs at age 13, is called what a. menses b. menstruation c. menopause d. menarche e. menogen Answer:...

Normal period of human gestation is calculated as ___ from the last menstrual period.

Normal period of human gestation is calculated as ___ from the last menstrual period. a. 265 days b. 9 calendar months c. 9 lunar months d. 280 days e....

Hormone produced by placenta that causes pelvic ligaments to relax, widen, and become more flexible to ease birth passage is called

Hormone produced by placenta that causes pelvic ligaments to relax, widen, and become more flexible to ease birth passage is called a. renin b. relaxin c....

Embryo looks distinctly human by ___ week of embryonic development.

Embryo looks distinctly human by ___ week of embryonic development. a. 1st b. 2nd c. 4th d. 8th e. 12th Answer: ...

Placenta is usually functioning to deliver nutrients and oxygen to, and remove waste from, the embryonic blood by the ___ week of pregnancy.

Placenta is usually functioning to deliver nutrients and oxygen to, and remove waste from, the embryonic blood by the ___ week of pregnancy. a. 1st b....

Many home pregnancy tests assay for _____ within a woman's urine.

Many home pregnancy tests assay for _____ within a woman's urine. a. human chorionic gonadotropin b. estrogen c. progesterone d. lutenizing hormone e....

Primary germ layer that gives rise to the mucosae and associated glands is the

Primary germ layer that gives rise to the mucosae and associated glands is the  a. ectoderm b. blastocyst c. mesoderm d. endoderm e. morula Answer:...

The tiny ball of 16 cells found freely floating in the uterine cavity is called a

The tiny ball of 16 cells found freely floating in the uterine cavity is called a  a. blastocyte b. zygote c. morula d. placenta e. trophoblast Answer:...

For a sperm cell to fertilize an ovum, sexual intercourse must occur no more than ___ hours before ovulation.

For a sperm cell to fertilize an ovum, sexual intercourse must occur no more than ___ hours before ovulation. a. 12 b. 24 c. 48 d. 72 e. 90 Answer:...

For women aged 40-49, American cancer society recommends mammography every ____ to detect breast cancer

For women aged 40-49, American cancer society recommends mammography every ____ to detect breast cancer a. year b. two years c. three years d. four...

The clusters of specific glands that produce milk when a women is lactating are called

The clusters of specific glands that produce milk when a women is lactating are called a. lactiferous ducts b. areolar glands c. mammary glands d....

The mammary glands are modified

The mammary glands are modified a. ceruminous glands b. sebaceous glands c. sweat glands in both males and females d. lacrimal glands e. modified...

The corpus luteum is a special glandular structure of the ovaries that primarily produces

The corpus luteum is a special glandular structure of the ovaries that primarily produces a. estrogen b. progesterone c. testosterone d. interstitial...

Hormone responsible for ovulation is

Hormone responsible for ovulation is a. estrogen b. progesterone c. follicle-stimulating hormone d. luteinizing hormone e. adrenocorticotropic hormone Answer:...

During oogenesis, an oogonium directly gives rise to

During oogenesis, an oogonium directly gives rise to a. an ovum b. primary oocyte c. secondary oocyte d. first polar body e. second polar body Answer:...

The superior rounded region of the uterus above the entrance of the uterine tubes is called the

The superior rounded region of the uterus above the entrance of the uterine tubes is called the a. body b. fundus c. cervix d. corpus e. mons pubis Answer:...

Which one of the following is NOT one of the secondary sex characteristics typical of males

Which one of the following is NOT one of the secondary sex characteristics typical of males a. deepening voice b. increased growth of body hair c....

Entire process of spermatogenesis takes approximately

Entire process of spermatogenesis takes approximately a. 25-50 days b. 64-72 days c. 120 days d. 1 year e. 15 years Answer:...

Final outcome of meiosis is within both the testicles and the ovaries is

Final outcome of meiosis is within both the testicles and the ovaries is a. the formation of two identical daughter cells b. one gamete c. two gametes d....

Pregnancy is generally improbable with a sperm count under

Pregnancy is generally improbable with a sperm count under a. 20,000 per mL b. 1 million per mL c. 5 million per mL d. 20 million per mL e. 100 million...

Normal healthy semen has an approximate pH level of

Normal healthy semen has an approximate pH level of  a. 3.5-4 b. 4.0-5.7 c. 6.0-7.0 d. 7.2-7.6 e. 8.5-9.0 Answer: ...

Milky colored fluid secreted from the prostate

Milky colored fluid secreted from the prostate a. nourish sperm b. activate sperm c. cleanse the urethra d. neutralize urine e. are endocrine only Answer:...

Which is NOT a component of semen

Which is NOT a component of semen a. sperm b. seminal fluid c. prostatic fluid d. bulbourethral fluid e. epididymal fluid Answer: ...

The middle part of the male urethra that extends from the prostate to the penis is called the

The middle part of the male urethra that extends from the prostate to the penis is called the  a. prostatic urethra b. membranous urethra c....

Which one of the following is NOT true of the spermatic cord

Which one of the following is NOT true of the spermatic cord a. it is a connective tissue sheath b. it encloses the ductus deferens c. it encloses...

Maturing sperm gain their ability to swim while in the

Maturing sperm gain their ability to swim while in the a. seminiferous tubules b. epididymis c. ductus deferens d. ejaculatory duct e. urethra Answer:...

Androgens such as testosterone are produced by the

Androgens such as testosterone are produced by the  a. seminiferous tubules b. interstitial cells c. epididymis d. bulbourethral glands e. prostate Answer:...

The actual "sperm-forming factories" of the male reproductive system that empty sperm into the rete testes are called the

The actual "sperm-forming factories" of the male reproductive system that empty sperm into the rete testes are called the a. interstitial cells b....

Exocrine function of the male is

Exocrine function of the male is a. testosterone production b. ovum fertilization c. sperm production d. embryo nutrition e. estrogen production Answer:...

The fibrous connective tissue enclosing each testis is the

The fibrous connective tissue enclosing each testis is the  a. eminiferous tubule b. tunica albuginea c. interstitial cells d. ductus deferens e....

Secondary sex characteristic brought about by testosterone secretion do NOT include

Secondary sex characteristic brought about by testosterone secretion do NOT include a. growth of facial hair b. development of heavy bones c. development...

Cells in the testes that produce testosterone are called

Cells in the testes that produce testosterone are called a. interstitial cells b. alpha cells c. beta cells d. pancreatic islet cells e. gonadotropic...

Which of these is NOT produced by anterior lobe of pituitary gland

Which of these is NOT produced by anterior lobe of pituitary gland a. growth hormone b. prolactin c. oxytocin d. luteinzing hormone e. thyroid-stimulating...

Hormone that helps regulate our sleep-awake cycle is

Hormone that helps regulate our sleep-awake cycle is  a. thymosin b. melatonin c. progesterone d. glucagon e. thyroxine Answer: ...

Pineal gland produces

Pineal gland produces a. thymosin b. melatonin c. estrogen d. insulin e. cortisol Answer: ...

Insulin causes

Insulin causes a. decrease in concentration of blood glucose b. increase in concentration of blood glucose c. increase in blood pressure d. increase...

Insulin is produced by cells of the pancreatic islets called

Insulin is produced by cells of the pancreatic islets called a. alpha cells b. beta cells c. delta cells d. gamma cells e. theta cells Answer:...

Which one of the following is NOT an action of the catecholamines

Which one of the following is NOT an action of the catecholamines a. stimulation of the sympathetic nervous system b. dilation of the small passages...

Which is NOT a symptom of Cushing's syndrome

Which is NOT a symptom of Cushing's syndrome a. moon face b. bronze skin tones c. buffalo hump d. high blood pressure e. water retention Answer:...

Glucocorticoids do all EXCEPT

Glucocorticoids do all EXCEPT a. help resist long term stress b. increase blood glucose levels c. decrease edema d. suppress inflammation e. regulate...

The enzyme produced by kidneys when blood pressure drops, stimulating a release of aldosterone, is called

The enzyme produced by kidneys when blood pressure drops, stimulating a release of aldosterone, is called a. cortisone b. renin c. cortisol d. vasopressin e....

Tetany resulting from uncontrolled muscle spasms may indicate a malfunction of the

Tetany resulting from uncontrolled muscle spasms may indicate a malfunction of the  a. pineal gland b. thymus c. parathyroid glands d. adrenal...

Rising blood levels of aldosterone cause the kidney tubules to reabsorb

Rising blood levels of aldosterone cause the kidney tubules to reabsorb a. potassium b. sodium c. calcium d. iodine e. hydrogen Answer:...

Which of these hormones is released by the adrenal medulla

Which of these hormones is released by the adrenal medulla a. sex hormones b. aldosterone c. cortisone d. glucocorticoids e. epinephrine Answer:...

Which one is NOT produced by the adrenal cortex

Which one is NOT produced by the adrenal cortex a. mineralocorticoids b. glucocorticoids c. sex hormones d. epinephrine e. aldosterone Answer:...

Hyposecretion of thyroxine in early childhood leads to

Hyposecretion of thyroxine in early childhood leads to a. cretinism b. dwarfism c. myxedema d. exophthalmos e. acromegaly Answer: ...

The body's major metabolic hormone is called

The body's major metabolic hormone is called a. prolactin b. growth hormone c. adrenaline d. thyroid hormone e. calcitonin Answer: ...

Diabetes insipidus is caused by hyposecretion of

Diabetes insipidus is caused by hyposecretion of  a. antidiuretic hormone b. growth hormone c. glucagon d. parathyroid hormone e. prolactin Answer:...

Which one of the following is NOT a function of oxytocin

Which one of the following is NOT a function of oxytocin a. stimulation of uternine contractions b. stimulation of breast milk ejection c. stimulation...

The hormone that triggers ovulation of an egg from the female ovary is

The hormone that triggers ovulation of an egg from the female ovary is  a. luteinizing hormone b. prolactin c. follicle-stimulating hormone d....

Which one of the following is NOT an anterior pituitary hormone

Which one of the following is NOT an anterior pituitary hormone a. prolactin b. adrenocorticotropic hormone c. follicle-stimulating hormone d. antidiuretic...

Tropic hormones

Tropic hormones a. stimulate the pineal gland to secrete hormones b. stimulate the thymus gland to secrete hormones c. stimulate other endocrine glands...

Being lipid soluble, steroids can do all the following EXCEPT

Being lipid soluble, steroids can do all the following EXCEPT a. diffuse through the plasma membranes of target cells b. catalyze cyclic AMP c. enter...

Prostaglandins are

Prostaglandins are a. amino acid-based hormones b. steroid hormones c. lipid hormones manufactured in cell plasma membranes d. glycerol hormones e....

Which one is NOT typical of the changes that follow the binding of a hormone to its target cells

Which one is NOT typical of the changes that follow the binding of a hormone to its target cells a. plasma membrane permeability changes b. cellular...

Sympathetic nervous system stimulation causes

Sympathetic nervous system stimulation causes a. decreased blood glucose, increased GI peristalsis, and increased heart rate/blood pressure b. increased...

Sympathetic division fibers leave the spinal cord in the

Sympathetic division fibers leave the spinal cord in the a. craniosacral regions and postganglionic fibers secrete norepinephrine b. thoracolumbar...

Preparing the body for "fight or flight" response is role of

Preparing the body for "fight or flight" response is role of  a. sympathetic nervous system b. cerebrum c. parasympathetic nervous system d....

In contrast to the somatic nervous system, the autonomic nervous system

In contrast to the somatic nervous system, the autonomic nervous system a. has two motor neurons b. has two afferent neurons c. stimulates its efferent...

The sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems are subdivisions of the

The sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems are subdivisions of the  a. CNS b. voluntary nervous system c. autonomic nervous system d....

Sciatic nerve is largest in body, combo of

Sciatic nerve is largest in body, combo of a. pudendal and femoral nerves b. femoral and tibial nerves c. pudendal and common peroneal nerves d....

Which of the nerves plexuses originates from ventral rami L1-L4

Which of the nerves plexuses originates from ventral rami L1-L4 a. sacral b. spinal c. lumbar d. brachial e. cervical Answer: ...

Damage to this nerve results in "wrist drop"

Damage to this nerve results in "wrist drop" a. phrenic b. axillary c. obturator d. radial e. femoral Answer: ...

Spinal nerves exiting the cord from the level of L4 to S4 form the

Spinal nerves exiting the cord from the level of L4 to S4 form the  a. lumbar plexus b. femoral plexus c. sacral plexus d. thoracic plexus e....

Which is correct sequence of connective tissue sheaths, from outer to innermost layer

Which is correct sequence of connective tissue sheaths, from outer to innermost layer epineurium, endoneurium, perineurium epineurium, perineurium,...

Which one of the following is the correct sequence of nerves that exit the spinal cord, going from superior to inferior

Which one of the following is the correct sequence of nerves that exit the spinal cord, going from superior to inferior a. thoracic, cervical, lumbar,...

Cell bodies of the sensory neurons of the spinal nerves are located in

Cell bodies of the sensory neurons of the spinal nerves are located in a. the dorsal root ganglia of the spinal cord b. the ventral root ganglia...

The gray matter of the spinal cord

The gray matter of the spinal cord a. surrounds the central canal b. contains myelinated fiber tracts c. is made up of the dorsal, lateral, and ventral...

Which of the following is a traumatic brain injury

Which of the following is a traumatic brain injury a. cerebrovascular accident b. Alzheimer's disease c. aphasia d. cerebral edema e. Parkinson's...

The blood-brain barrier is effective against the passage of

The blood-brain barrier is effective against the passage of  a. water b. nutrients such as glucose c. alcohol d. anesthetics e. metabolic waste...

Cerebrospinal fluid

Cerebrospinal fluid  a. is secreted by the arachnoid villi b. enters the 4 ventricles after filling and circulating through the subarachnoid...

Correct order from outer to innermost layers of meninges

Correct order from outer to innermost layers of meninges pia mater, dura mater, arachnoid mater dura mater, arachnoid mater, pia mater Subarachnoid...

Control of temp, endocrine activity, metabolism, and thirst are functions of the

Control of temp, endocrine activity, metabolism, and thirst are functions of the  a. medulla oblongata b. cerebellum c. hypothalamus d. thalamus e....

Area of the brain stem that plays a role in consciousness and the awake/sleep cycles is the

Area of the brain stem that plays a role in consciousness and the awake/sleep cycles is the a. thalamus b. reticular activating system (RAS) c. pineal...

Cerebrospinal fluid circulates through all of the following except

Cerebrospinal fluid circulates through all of the following except a. subarachnoid space b. corpus callosum c. cerbral aqueduct d. fourth ventricle e....

Lobe that contains the primary motor area that enables voluntary control of skeletal muscle movements

Lobe that contains the primary motor area that enables voluntary control of skeletal muscle movements a. parietal b. temporal c. occipital d. frontal e....

The olfactory area is found within the

The olfactory area is found within the  a. occipital lobe b. temporal lobe c. frontal lobe d. parietal lobe e. pyramidal tract Answer:...

The elevated ridges of tissue on surface of cerebral hemispheres are known as ____ while shallow grooves are know as ____.

The elevated ridges of tissue on surface of cerebral hemispheres are known as ____ while shallow grooves are know as ____. a. sulci, gyri b. gyri,...

The 3 major parts of the brain stem are

The 3 major parts of the brain stem are a. cerebrum, cerebellum, and diencephalon b. thalamus, epithalamus, and hypothalamus c. dura mater, arachnoid...

Which one of the following describes saltatory conduction

Which one of the following describes saltatory conduction a. occurs only if the myelin sheath is continuous b. occurs only if nodes of Ranvier are...

Bipolar neurons are commonly

Bipolar neurons are commonly a. motor neurons b. called neuroglia c. found in ganglia d. found in the eye and nose e. more abundant in adults than...

White matters refers to myelinated fibers in the

White matters refers to myelinated fibers in the  a. CNS b. PNS c. ANS d. SNS e. both ANS and SNS Answer: ...

A neuron with a cell body located in the CNS whose primary function is connecting other neurons is called a(n)

A neuron with a cell body located in the CNS whose primary function is connecting other neurons is called a(n) a. efferent neuron b. afferent neuron c....

Which of the following sensory receptors is a touch receptor

Which of the following sensory receptors is a touch receptor a. Golgi tendon organ b. Meissner's corpuscle c. Pacinian corpuscle d. naked nerve endings e....

Which of these cells are not a type of neuroglia found in the CNS

Which of these cells are not a type of neuroglia found in the CNS a. astrocytes b. microglia c. Schwann cells d. ependymal cells e. oligodendrocytes Answer:...

Membrane shown in Figure 4.2 (has arrow pointing on edge of lungs)

Membrane shown in Figure 4.2 (has arrow pointing on edge of lungs) a. cutaneous b. synovial c. pericardium d. mucous e. pleura Answer: ...

Acne and seborrhea are caused by problems with

Acne and seborrhea are caused by problems with a. eccrine glands b. nail beds c. sudoriferous glands d. sebaceous glands e. hair follicles Answer:...

Which of the following is an indication of melanoma

Which of the following is an indication of melanoma a. symmetrical mole b. pigmented spot that has smooth borders c. spot on the skin that is smaller...

Inflammation of the hair follicles and sebaceous glands is called

Inflammation of the hair follicles and sebaceous glands is called a. impetigo b. alopecia c. psoriasis d. boils e. contact dermatitis Answer:...

Sudoriferous glands are important for

Sudoriferous glands are important for a. production of keratin b. keeping skin and hair cells soft and flexible c. production of sweat d. body heat...

The secretions of the eccrine glands are

The secretions of the eccrine glands are a. primarily uric acid b. 99% water, sodium chloride, and trace amounts of wastes and lactic acid c. fatty...

Finger-like upward projections of the dermis into the epidermis are called

Finger-like upward projections of the dermis into the epidermis are called a. hair follicles b. hair bulbs c. Meissner's corpuscles d. dermal papillae e....

Which is NOT true about papillary layer of dermis

Which is NOT true about papillary layer of dermis a. it is the deepest layer of the skin b. produces the pattern for fingerprints c. contains nerve...

Nutrients reach the surface of the skin through the process of

Nutrients reach the surface of the skin through the process of  a. absorption b. evaporation c. filtration d. diffusion e. osmosis Answer:...

Epidermal cells that are actively mitotic and replace superficial cells that are continually rubbed of are

Epidermal cells that are actively mitotic and replace superficial cells that are continually rubbed of are a. stratum granulosum b. stratum corneum c....

The layer of the epidermis in which cells first die because of their inability to get nutrients and oxygen is the

The layer of the epidermis in which cells first die because of their inability to get nutrients and oxygen is the a. stratum spinosum b. stratum...

Which of the following homeostatic imbalances is caused by skin exposure to chemical

Which of the following homeostatic imbalances is caused by skin exposure to chemical a. athlete's foot b. cold sores c. impetigo d. contact dermatitis e....

A needle would pierce the epidermal layers of the forearm in which order

A needle would pierce the epidermal layers of the forearm in which order 1. stratum basale 2. stratum corneum 3. stratum garnulosum 4. stratum lucidum 5....

The hypodermis consists of

The hypodermis consists of  a. simple columnar epithelium b. stratified squamous epithelium c. adipose tissue d. loose connective tissue e. dense...

The uppermost layer of the skin is

The uppermost layer of the skin is a. called the dermis b. full of keratin c. fed by a good supply of blood vessels d. called the hypodermis e. composed...

The epidermis is composed of

The epidermis is composed of  a. simple columnar epithelium b. stratified squamous epithelium c. adipose tissue d. areolar tissue e. dense fibrous...

Although you get wet while swimming, a tough protein within the skin prevents it from soaking up moisture like a sponge. This substance is

Although you get wet while swimming, a tough protein within the skin prevents it from soaking up moisture like a sponge. This substance is a. serous...

Which of the following is a vital function of the skin

Which of the following is a vital function of the skin a. converts modified epidermal cholesterol to vitamin D b. aids in transport of materials...

Sweat glands associated with hair are

Sweat glands associated with hair are a. sebaceous b. sudoriferous c. eccrine d. sebaceous and eccrine e. sudoiferous and eccrine Answer: ...

The only dry membrane is the

The only dry membrane is the a. synovial b. cutaneous c. mucous d. serous e. basement Answer: ...

Which of the following is a connective tissue membrane

Which of the following is a connective tissue membrane a. synovial b. cutaneous c. mucous d. serous e. pleural Answer: ...

Which of the following relationships is incorrect

Which of the following relationships is incorrect a. visceral peritoneum - covers the outser surface of the small intestine b. parietal pericardium...

Which type of membrane contains fluid between the visceral and parietal layers

Which type of membrane contains fluid between the visceral and parietal layers a. synovial b. serous c. cutaneous d. mucous e. connective Answer:...

The categories of epithelial tissue membranes are

The categories of epithelial tissue membranes are a. synovial, cutaneous, and mucous b. synovial, cutaneuos, and serous c. synovial, mucous, and...

Ribs are located in the

Ribs are located in the  a. right and left iliac regions b. right and left lumbar regions c. right and left pubic regions d. right and left hypochondriac...

Which of these regions in the abdominopelvic cavity are medial

Which of these regions in the abdominopelvic cavity are medial a. umbilical, right and left lumbar b. epigastric, umbilical, and hypogastric c. iliac,...

Which type of section could be used to separate the thoracic cavity from the abdominopelvic cavity

Which type of section could be used to separate the thoracic cavity from the abdominopelvic cavity a. coronal b. saggital c. dorsal d. ventral e....

A section that divides the body on the longitudinal plane into equal right and left parts is called

A section that divides the body on the longitudinal plane into equal right and left parts is called a. median (midsagittal) b. frontal c. tranverse d....

Which of these regions are NOT associated with the ventral (anterior) portion of the head

Which of these regions are NOT associated with the ventral (anterior) portion of the head a. buccal b. oral c. orbital d. occipital e. nasal Answer:...

The region that contains the navel is the

The region that contains the navel is the a. carpal region b. umbilical region c. inguinal region d. orbital region e. anterior knee Answer:...

Describe relationship between patellar and popliteal regions

Describe relationship between patellar and popliteal regions a. patellar is superior to popliteal b. patellar is proximal to popliteal c. patellar...

Which of the following orientation and direction terms have the same meaning (in humans)

Which of the following orientation and direction terms have the same meaning (in humans) a. superior and caudal b. inferior and cranial c. inferior...

Your body thermostat is located in a part of the brain called the hypothalamus. Which of the following elements of a control system does this area in the brain represent

Your body thermostat is located in a part of the brain called the hypothalamus. Which of the following elements of a control system does this area in...

Which of the following is NOT a necessary life function

Which of the following is NOT a necessary life function a. maintaining boundaries b. movement c. responsiveness d. nutrients e. metabolism Answer:...

Elimination of metabolic wastes from the body is the function of the

Elimination of metabolic wastes from the body is the function of the  a. digestive system b. urinary system c. respiratory system d. digestive...

The muscular system consists of the

The muscular system consists of the a. skeletal muscles b. muscles of the heart c. muscles in the walls of hollow organs d. skeletal muscles and the...

The lymphatic system:

The lymphatic system: a. responds to internal and external changes by activating appropriate muscles and glands b. picks up fluid leaked from blood...

The study of the function of the body and body parts is called

The study of the function of the body and body parts is called a. anatomy b. physiology c. homeostasis d. negative feedback e. irritability Answer:...

The most important chemical stimuli leading to increased rate and depth of breathing is:

The most important chemical stimuli leading to increased rate and depth of breathing is: a. decreased oxygen level in the blood b. increased blood...

The walls of the alveoli are composed largely of:

The walls of the alveoli are composed largely of: a. simple squamous epithelium b. stratified squamous epithelium c. simple cuboidal epithelium d....

What is the role of mucus in the nasal cavity

What is the role of mucus in the nasal cavity a. increase the air turbulence in the nasal cavity b. separate the oral from the nasal cavity c. lighten...

The volume of blood pumped out by each ventricle with each beat of the heart is called the:

The volume of blood pumped out by each ventricle with each beat of the heart is called the: a. cardiac output b. cardiac cycle c. stroke volume d....

The matrix of blood is called:

The matrix of blood is called: a. buffy coat b. plasma c. erythrocytes d. lymphocytes e. formed elements Answer: ...

The presence of an epiphyseal plate indicates that:

The presence of an epiphyseal plate indicates that: a. bone is dead b. bone length is no longer increasing c. bone diameter is increasing d. bone...

The _______ is responsible for setting the basic rhythm of breathing.

The _______ is responsible for setting the basic rhythm of breathing. Answer: V...

Hemoglobin molecules are fully saturated when bound to _______ molecule(s) of O2

Hemoglobin molecules are fully saturated when bound to _______ molecule(s) of O2 Answer:...

Why is the rate of CO2 exchange roughly equivalent to that of O2 despite its less steep pressure gradient?

Why is the rate of CO2 exchange roughly equivalent to that of O2 despite its less steep pressure gradient? Answer: CO2 is more soluble in water than...

When holding our breath for a long time we get the urge to breathe due to:

When holding our breath for a long time we get the urge to breathe due to: a. a decrease in N2. b. a decrease in O2. c. an increase in CO2. d. an...

Which of the following has the greatest effect on respiration rate?

Which of the following has the greatest effect on respiration rate? a. PO2 b. PCO2 c. PN2 d. Both a and b have an equal effect Answer: ...

The inflation reflex depends upon stimulation of which type of receptor?

The inflation reflex depends upon stimulation of which type of receptor? a. Nociceptors b. Chemoreceptors c. Mechanoreceptors d. Thermoreceptors Answer:...

A decrease in pH will have what effect on the respiration rate?

A decrease in pH will have what effect on the respiration rate? a. Decrease b. Increase c. No effect d. No effect unless lung damage is present Answer:...

Normal quiet respiration is controlled by the:

Normal quiet respiration is controlled by the: a. dorsal respiratory group. b. ventral respiratory group. c. pontine respiratory group. d. cerebral...

Which of the following will increase hemoglobin's affinity for oxygen?

Which of the following will increase hemoglobin's affinity for oxygen?  a. A decrease in pH b. An increase in PCO2 c. An increase in temperature d....

In the tissues, hemoglobin will release some oxygen and bind to:

In the tissues, hemoglobin will release some oxygen and bind to: a. carbonic acid. b. hydrogen ions. c. chloride ions. d. bicarbonate ions. Answer:...

Hemoglobin has the highest affinity for which of the following?

Hemoglobin has the highest affinity for which of the following? a. O2 b. CO2 c. CO d. H+ Answer: ...

The majority of carbon dioxide is transported:

The majority of carbon dioxide is transported: a. bound to hemoglobin. b. dissolved in the plasma. c. as bicarbonate ions. d. as carbonic acid. Answer:...

Low PO2 and high PCO2 in the alveoli will cause:

Low PO2 and high PCO2 in the alveoli will cause: a. constriction of pulmonary capillaries and bronchioles. b. dilation of pulmonary capillaries and...

The rate of oxygen diffusion across the respiratory membrane depends upon all of the following except:

The rate of oxygen diffusion across the respiratory membrane depends upon all of the following except: a. the thickness of the respiratory membrane. b....

The pressure exerted by each type of gas in a gas mixture is the __________ of that gas.

The pressure exerted by each type of gas in a gas mixture is the __________ of that gas. a. partial force b. partial percentage c. partial volume d....

Which of the following is the most abundant gas in our air?

Which of the following is the most abundant gas in our air? a. Oxygen b. Hydrogen c. Nitrogen d. Argon Answer: ...

Which of the following is responsible for keeping the lungs from collapsing?

Which of the following is responsible for keeping the lungs from collapsing? a. Surfactant b. Intrapulmonary pressure c. Transpulmonary pressure d....

All of the following statements are true of inspiration except:

All of the following statements are true of inspiration except: a. the rib cage is elevated. b. the diaphragm is relaxed. c. volume in the thoracic...

This volume of air remains in the lungs after maximal expiration.

This volume of air remains in the lungs after maximal expiration. a. Vital capacity b. Expiratory reserve volume c. Tidal volume d. Residual volume Answer:...

Surfactant decreases the __________ in the alveoli.

Surfactant decreases the __________ in the alveoli. a. surface tension b. pressure c. compliance d. volume Answer: ...

An increase in the volume of a container filled with air would have what effect on the pressure of the container?

An increase in the volume of a container filled with air would have what effect on the pressure of the container? a. Increase the pressure b. Decrease...

All of the following are part of the conduction zone except:

All of the following are part of the conduction zone except: a. main bronchi. b. respiratory bronchioles. c. segmental bronchioles. d. terminal bronchioles. Answer:...

The Bohr effect describes _________.

The Bohr effect describes _________. a. a shift to the left in the oxygen-hemoglobin dissociation curve b. enhanced cooperation of oxygen binding...

Hemoglobin molecules are fully saturated when bound to ____ molecule(s) of O2.

Hemoglobin molecules are fully saturated when bound to ____ molecule(s) of O2. a. one b. two c. three d. four Answer: ...

Why is the rate of CO2 exchange roughly equivalent to that of O2 despite its less steep pressure gradient?

Why is the rate of CO2 exchange roughly equivalent to that of O2 despite its less steep pressure gradient? a. CO2 diffuses much more rapidly out of...

The pressure exerted by each gas in a mixture is proportional to its percentage. This is _______.

The pressure exerted by each gas in a mixture is proportional to its percentage. This is _______. a. Dalton's law of partial pressures b. Boyle's...

Two gases contribute to 99% of the total atmospheric pressure. They are ______.

Two gases contribute to 99% of the total atmospheric pressure. They are ______. a. CO2 and O2 b. N and O2 c. CO2 and H2O vapor d. N and CO2 Answer:...

During an asthma attack, bronchioles become severely _______. Taking epinephrine causes them to _______.

During an asthma attack, bronchioles become severely _______. Taking epinephrine causes them to _______. a. constricted; dilate b. dilated; constrict c....

Boyle's law explains that _________.

Boyle's law explains that _________. a. at higher temperatures gases are more compressed b. gases under low pressure have a lower volume c. gases...

Air is forced out of the lungs during normal expiration due to _________.

Air is forced out of the lungs during normal expiration due to _________. a. contraction of the diaphragm b. elastic recoil of tissues c. contraction...

Air moves into the lungs during inspiration due to the force of __________.

Air moves into the lungs during inspiration due to the force of __________. a. the diaphragm b. the abdominal muscles c. atmospheric pressure d....

If transpulmonary pressure were to suddenly decrease, predict the response by the lungs.

If transpulmonary pressure were to suddenly decrease, predict the response by the lungs. a. The lungs would not recoil and air would remain trapped...

The pressure in the alveoli is known as __________.

The pressure in the alveoli is known as __________. a. intrapulmonary pressure b. intrapleural pressure c. transpulmonary pressure d. atmospheric...

The respiratory membrane is composed of:

The respiratory membrane is composed of: a. the alveolar sacs and pulmonary arteries. b. the alveolar membrane, the capillary wall, and their fused...

As the bronchial tree terminates in bronchioles, the principal material comprising their walls is smooth muscle. What functional purpose does this smooth muscle provide?

As the bronchial tree terminates in bronchioles, the principal material comprising their walls is smooth muscle. What functional purpose does this smooth...

Breathing air through the nose provides multiple functions. What function would be most impacted while breathing dry air?

Breathing air through the nose provides multiple functions. What function would be most impacted while breathing dry air? a. Warming of the air b....

Bacteria or other particulate debris contained within inspired air are removed or destroyed by _______.

Bacteria or other particulate debris contained within inspired air are removed or destroyed by _______. a. mucus b. Vibrissae or nasal hair c. stomach...

The __ zone includes the alveoli, while the __ zone includes the trachea.

The __ zone includes the alveoli, while the __ zone includes the trachea. a. Conducting; respiratory b. Transport; ventilation c. Respiratory; conducting d....

For what metabolic reason does respiration occur?

For what metabolic reason does respiration occur? a. Solely to increase blood o2 levels b. To supply cells with o2 for apt synthesis and to remove...

The respiratory membrane is composed of fused basement membrane of the capillary walls and __________.

The respiratory membrane is composed of fused basement membrane of the capillary walls and __________. Answer: the alveo...

Terminal bronchioles are lined with __________ epithelium.

Terminal bronchioles are lined with __________ epithelium. Answer: cuboid...

The trachea is lined with __________ epithelium.

The trachea is lined with __________ epithelium. Answer: pseudostratified ciliated column...

The archway in the back of the throat is called the __________.

The archway in the back of the throat is called the __________. Answer: fauc...

The cartilaginous flap that closes the trachea during swallowing is called the __________.

The cartilaginous flap that closes the trachea during swallowing is called the __________. Answer: epiglott...

The __________ regulates smoothing of transitions from inspiration to expiration.

The __________ regulates smoothing of transitions from inspiration to expiration. Answer: pontine respiratory group ...

Unloading of oxygen from oxyhemoglobin due to declining pH is called the __________.

Unloading of oxygen from oxyhemoglobin due to declining pH is called the __________. Answer: Bohr effe...

Type II alveolar cells secrete __________.

Type II alveolar cells secrete __________. Answer: surfacta...

The rhythm of normal breathing is controlled by neurons located in the __________.

The rhythm of normal breathing is controlled by neurons located in the __________.  A. cerebellum B. vagus nerve C. spinal cord D. medulla oblongata Answer:...

Chemoreceptors in the brain are activated primarily by the presence of __________ in the cerebrospinal fluid.

Chemoreceptors in the brain are activated primarily by the presence of __________ in the cerebrospinal fluid.  A. hydrogen ions B. oxygen ions C....

At a partial pressure of 100 mm Hg in the alveoli, the percent saturation of hemoglobin with oxygen in the pulmonary capillaries will be __________.

At a partial pressure of 100 mm Hg in the alveoli, the percent saturation of hemoglobin with oxygen in the pulmonary capillaries will be __________.  A....

The amount of oxygen released by the hemoglobin molecules in the blood to the tissues __________.

The amount of oxygen released by the hemoglobin molecules in the blood to the tissues __________.  A. decreases as PCO2 increases B. increases...

The amount of oxygen that can combine with heme is determined mainly by the __________.

The amount of oxygen that can combine with heme is determined mainly by the __________.  A. systolic blood pressure B. partial pressure of oxygen C....

When oxygen combines with the heme of hemoglobin, what is formed?

When oxygen combines with the heme of hemoglobin, what is formed?  A. Oxyhemoglobin B. Hemoglobin C. Carbaminohemoglobin D. Carbonic acid Answer:...

The enzyme carbonic anhydrase catalyzes the reaction between __________.

The enzyme carbonic anhydrase catalyzes the reaction between __________.  A. carbon dioxide and water B. carbon dioxide and bicarbonate ions C....

Carbon dioxide binds to the globin portion of hemoglobin to form __________.

Carbon dioxide binds to the globin portion of hemoglobin to form __________.  A. oxyhemoglobin B. hemoglobin C. carbonic anhydrase D. carbaminohemoglobin Answer:...

During internal and external respiration, gases move by __________.

During internal and external respiration, gases move by __________.  A. osmosis B. active transport C. endocytosis D. diffusion Answer:...

In the lungs __________.

In the lungs __________.  A. PCO2 is high in the alveoli and low in the capillaries B. PCO2 is high in the alveoli and high in the capillaries C....

Internal respiration occurs __________.

Internal respiration occurs __________.  A. between atmosphere and blood B. between systemic capillaries and tissue cells C. in bronchi and trachea D....

As blood enters the systemic capillaries __________.

As blood enters the systemic capillaries __________.  A. PO2 is high in the blood and low in the tissues B. PO2 is low in the blood and high...

After you inhale in a quiet inhalation, which lung volume does not contain any air?

After you inhale in a quiet inhalation, which lung volume does not contain any air?  A. Residual volume B. Expiratory reserve volume C. Tidal...

The sum of the inspiratory reserve volume, tidal volume and expiratory reserve volume is the __________.

The sum of the inspiratory reserve volume, tidal volume and expiratory reserve volume is the __________.  A. vital capacity B. inspiratory capacity C....

Tidal volume is __________.

Tidal volume is __________.  A. the amount of air that can be forced from the lungs after normal exhalation B. the volume of air in one breath...

Just before we inhale, __________.

Just before we inhale, __________.  A. both alveolar pressure and intrapleural pressure decrease B. both alveolar pressure and intrapleural pressure...

When the diaphragm lowers during breathing __________.

When the diaphragm lowers during breathing __________.  A. volume in the thoracic cavity increases B. alveolar pressure increases C. external...

In order for inspiration to occur __________.

In order for inspiration to occur __________.  A. alveolar pressure must decrease B. the thoracic cavity must decrease in size C. external intercostal...

The term pulmonary ventilation refers to __________.

The term pulmonary ventilation refers to __________.  A. external respiration B. cellular respiration C. internal respiration D. mechanics of...

The function of alveolar macrophages is to __________.

The function of alveolar macrophages is to __________.  A. secrete surfactant B. provide oxygen to the Type I alveolar cells C. remove dust particles...

The smallest and last tube the air flows through before it reaches the alveoli is the __________.

The smallest and last tube the air flows through before it reaches the alveoli is the __________.  A. tertiary bronchiole B. terminal bronchiole C....

Functionally, the bronchi are considered to be part of the __________ portion of the respiratory system.

Functionally, the bronchi are considered to be part of the __________ portion of the respiratory system.  A. upper B. lower C. conducting D....

Epithelial cells of some regions of the respiratory tract are ciliated. The function of these cilia is to __________.

Epithelial cells of some regions of the respiratory tract are ciliated. The function of these cilia is to __________.  A. moisten the inhaled...

The vocal folds are found in the __________.

The vocal folds are found in the __________.  A. glottis B. pharynx C. larynx D. trachea Answer: ...

Surface tension of the alveolar fluid is reduced by the presence of __________.

Surface tension of the alveolar fluid is reduced by the presence of __________.  A. surfactant B. serotonin C. histamine D. hyaline cartilage...

The respiratory membrane consists of __________.

The respiratory membrane consists of __________.  A. a single layer of epithelial cells B. a single layer of epithelial cells and a basement...

During swallowing, the glottis is covered by __________.

During swallowing, the glottis is covered by __________.  A. hyaline cartilage rings B. the epiglottis C. pseudostratified ciliated columnar...

The right lung has __________.

The right lung has __________.  A. 2 fissures and 3 lobes B. 1 fissure, 2 lobes, and the cardiac notch C. 2 fissures, 3 lobes, and the cardiac...

The first respiratory branches after the trachea are called __________.

The first respiratory branches after the trachea are called __________.  A. lobar bronchi B. segmental bronchi C. primary bronchi D. respiratory...

Nerves, pulmonary vessels, and bronchi enter the lungs at the __________.

Nerves, pulmonary vessels, and bronchi enter the lungs at the __________. A. cupola B. hilus C. base D. costal surface Answer: ...

Mucous membranes of the nasal passages, nasopharynx and trachea are lined with what type of epithelium?

Mucous membranes of the nasal passages, nasopharynx and trachea are lined with what type of epithelium?  A. Stratified columnar B. Simple squamous C....

Hemoglobin has the highest affinity for which of the following?

Hemoglobin has the highest affinity for which of the following?  A. O2 B. CO2 C. CO D. H+ Answer: ...

When holding our breath for a long time, we get the urge to breathe because of ___________.

When holding our breath for a long time, we get the urge to breathe because of ___________.  A. a decrease in N2 B. a decrease in O2 C. an increase...

Which of the following has the greatest effect on respiration rate?

Which of the following has the greatest effect on respiration rate?  A. PO2 B. PCO2 C. PN2 D. Both a and b have an equal effect Answer:...

A decrease in pH will have what effect on the respiration rate?

A decrease in pH will have what effect on the respiration rate?  A. Decrease B. Increase C. No effect D. No effect unless lung damage is present Answer:...

Which of the following will increase hemoglobin's affinity for oxygen?

Which of the following will increase hemoglobin's affinity for oxygen?  A. A decrease in pH B. An increase in PCO2 C. An increase in temperature D....

In the tissues, hemoglobin will release some oxygen and bind to ___________.

In the tissues, hemoglobin will release some oxygen and bind to ___________.  A. carbonic acid B. hydrogen ions C. chloride ions D. bicarbonate...

The rate of oxygen diffusion across the respiratory membrane depends upon all of the following except ___________.

The rate of oxygen diffusion across the respiratory membrane depends upon all of the following except ___________.  A. the thickness of the respiratory...

The majority of carbon dioxide is transported ___________.

The majority of carbon dioxide is transported ___________.  A. bound to hemoglobin B. dissolved in the plasma C. as bicarbonate ions D. as carbonic...

Low PO2 and high PCO2 in the alveoli will cause ___________.

Low PO2 and high PCO2 in the alveoli will cause ___________.  A. constriction of pulmonary capillaries and bronchioles B. dilation of pulmonary...

Which of the following is responsible for keeping the lungs from collapsing?

Which of the following is responsible for keeping the lungs from collapsing?  A. Surfactant B. Intrapulmonary pressure C. Transpulmonary pressure D....

All of the following statements are true of inspiration except ___________.

All of the following statements are true of inspiration except ___________.  A. the rib cage is elevated B. the diaphragm is relaxed C. volume...

The amount of air that can be forcefully inhaled after a normal tidal volume inspiration is termed the ___________.

The amount of air that can be forcefully inhaled after a normal tidal volume inspiration is termed the ___________.  A. vital capacity B. expiratory...

Surfactant decreases the ___________ in the alveoli.

Surfactant decreases the ___________ in the alveoli.  A. surface tension B. pressure C. compliance D. volume Answer: ...

All of the following are part of the conducting zone except the ___________.

All of the following are part of the conducting zone except the ___________.  A. main bronchi B. respiratory bronchioles C. segmental bronchioles D....

Which of the following delivers air to the lobes of the lungs?

Which of the following delivers air to the lobes of the lungs?  A. Primary bronchi B. Secondary bronchi C. Tertiary bronchi D. Terminal bronchioles Answer:...

The "Adam's apple" is located on which cartilage?

The "Adam's apple" is located on which cartilage?  A. Cricoid cartilage B. Thyroid cartilage C. Arytenoid cartilage D. Corniculate cartilage Answer:...

________ is the most potent chemical influencing respiration.

________ is the most potent chemical influencing respiration.  A. O2 B. N C. H2O D. CO2 Answer: ...

The _________ is responsible for setting the basic rhythm of breathing.

The _________ is responsible for setting the basic rhythm of breathing.  A. VRG B. DRG C. pontine respiratory group D. pons Answer:...

The chloride shift occurs in red blood cells to ___________.

The chloride shift occurs in red blood cells to ___________.  A. provide chlorine to the enzyme carbonic anhydrase B. counterbalance the exodus...

Red blood cells contain the enzyme ___________, which catalyzes the formation of carbonic acid.

Red blood cells contain the enzyme ___________, which catalyzes the formation of carbonic acid. A. carbonic anhydrase B. carbon dioxide acidase C....

The Bohr effect describes ___________.

The Bohr effect describes ___________.  A. a shift to the left in the oxygen-hemoglobin dissociation curve B. enhanced cooperation of oxygen...

Hemoglobin molecules are fully saturated when bound to ___________ molecule(s) of O2.

Hemoglobin molecules are fully saturated when bound to ___________ molecule(s) of O2.  A. one B. two C. three D. four Answer: ...

Why is it possible to deliver more O2 to vigorously working cells without increasing respiration rate or cardiac output?

Why is it possible to deliver more O2 to vigorously working cells without increasing respiration rate or cardiac output?  A. It isn't; a small...

Why is the rate of CO2 exchange roughly equivalent to that of O2 despite its less steep pressure gradient?

Why is the rate of CO2 exchange roughly equivalent to that of O2 despite its less steep pressure gradient?  A. CO2 diffuses much more rapidly...

Two gases contribute to 99% of the total atmospheric pressure. They are ___________.

Two gases contribute to 99% of the total atmospheric pressure. They are ___________.  A. CO2 and O2 B. N2 and O2 C. CO2 and H2 O vapor D. N2...

The typical volume of air involved in alveolar ventilation is ___________ mL.

The typical volume of air involved in alveolar ventilation is ___________ mL.  A. 150 B. 350 C. 500 D. 4800 Answer: B ...

Air moves into the lungs during inspiration due to the force of ___________.

Air moves into the lungs during inspiration due to the force of ___________.  A. the diaphragm B. the abdominal muscles C. atmospheric pressure D....

If transpulmonary pressure were to suddenly decrease, predict the response by the lungs.

If transpulmonary pressure were to suddenly decrease, predict the response by the lungs.  A. The lungs would not recoil and air would remain...

The pressure in the alveoli is known as ___________.

The pressure in the alveoli is known as ___________.  A. intrapulmonary pressure B. intrapleural pressure C. transpulmonary pressure D. atmospheric...

Even the most forceful exhalation leaves air in the lungs; this is called the ___________ and is needed to ___________.

Even the most forceful exhalation leaves air in the lungs; this is called the ___________ and is needed to ___________.  A. tidal volume; acquire...

The respiratory membrane is composed of ___________.

The respiratory membrane is composed of ___________.  A. the alveolar sacs and pulmonary arteries B. the alveolar membrane, the capillary wall,...

Which of the following is not part of the conducting zone?

Which of the following is not part of the conducting zone?  A. Primary bronchi B. Lobar bronchi C. Terminal bronchioles D. Alveolar ducts Answer:...

Breathing air through the nose serves multiple functions. What function would be increased when breathing dry air?

Breathing air through the nose serves multiple functions. What function would be increased when breathing dry air?  A. Warming the air B. Delivering...

Surface area in the nasal cavity is increased by the presence of ___________.

Surface area in the nasal cavity is increased by the presence of ___________.  A. olfactory folds B. conchae C. microvilli D. choanae Answer:...

Bacteria or other particulate debris contained within inspired air are removed by the ___________.

Bacteria or other particulate debris contained within inspired air are removed by the ___________.  A. mucus B. vibrissae C. conchae D. all of...

Occasionally food or liquids will "go down the wrong pipe," initiating a cough reflex. Which structural barrier has been breached if this happens?

Occasionally food or liquids will "go down the wrong pipe," initiating a cough reflex. Which structural barrier has been breached if this happens?  A....

The most violent coughing is initiated when foreign objects contact the ___________ of the trachea.

The most violent coughing is initiated when foreign objects contact the ___________ of the trachea.  A. carina B. trachealis C. tracheal rings D....

The ___________ zone includes the alveoli, and the ___________ zone includes the trachea.

The ___________ zone includes the alveoli, and the ___________ zone includes the trachea.  A. conducting; respiratory B. transport; ventilation C....