Chronic vomiting can lead to
A. metabolic alkalosis.
B. metabolic acidosis.
C. respiratory acidosis.
D. lymphatic alkalosis.
E. respiratory alkalosis.
Answer: A.metabolic alkalosis
Hypernatremia tends to cause all of the following except
A. edema.
B. water retention.
C. interstitial fluid accumulation.
D. a reduction in plasma volume.
E. hypertension.
Answer: D. a reduction in plasma volume
Which of the following major events of prenatal development happens first?
A. the eyes are fully open
B. meconium accumulates in the intestines
C. bone calcification begins
D. the body is covered with lanugo
E. the central nervous system begins to form
Answer: E. the central nervous system begins to form
In early pregnancy, ____________ stimulates growth of the corpus luteum.
A. human chorionic gonadotropin
B. follicle-stimulating hormone
C. human chorionic somatomammotropin
D. adrenocorticotropic hormone
E. progesterone
Answer: A. human chorionic gonadotropin
Lactation is stimulated and enhanced by ______________ and the release of ____________.
A. labor; testosterone.
B. suckling; estrogen.
C. suckling; prolactin.
D. parturition; prolactin.
E. parturition; progesterone.
Answer: C. sucking; prolactin
During implantation, the trophoblast divides into two layers. The innermost layer, the _________, becomes the chorionic villi, and an outermost layer, the ___________, which forms the decidua basalis and main placental tissue.
A. chorion; amnion
B. chorion; embryoblast
C. syncytiotrophoblast; cytotrophoblast
D. cytotrophoblast; syncytiotrophoblast
E. embryoblast; amnion
Answer: D. cytotrophoblast; syncytiotrophoblast
What protein(s) is/are the most important buffer(s) in blood plasma?
A. alpha globulins
B. fibrinogen
C. gamma globulins
D. transferrin
E. albumin
Answer: E. Albumin
What protein(s) is/are the most important buffer(s) in erythrocytes?
A. albumin
B. fibrinogen
C. gamma globulins
D. hemoglobin
E. myoglobin
Answer: D. hemoglobin
Incomplete fatty acid oxidation produces ____________, whereas complete oxidation produces ____________.
A. triglycerides; keto acids
B. acetyl-CoA; glycerol
C. pyruvic acid; glucose
D. glycerol; acetyl CoA
E. ketone bodies; acetyl CoA
Answer: E. Ketone Bodies; acetyl CoA
The _________________ provides fetal nutrition and secretes hormones that regulate pregnancy and fetal development.
A. uterus
B. myometrium
C. endometrium
D. blastocyst
E. placenta
Answer: E. Placenta
___________ are short term regulators of appetite, whereas ______________ is a long- term regulator.
A. Peptide YY (PYY) and cholecystokinin (CCK); insulin
B. Insulin and cholecystokinin (CCK); peptide YY (PYY)
C. Leptin and insulin; peptide YY (PYY)
D. Peptide YY (PYY) and insulin; cholecystokinin (CCK)
E. Leptin and insulin; cholecystokinin (CCK)
Answer: A. Peptide YY (PYY) and cholecystokinin (CCK); insulin
______________ constitute the so-called "bad cholesterol."
A. Triglycerides
B. Chylomicrons
C. Low-density lipoproteins
D. High-density lipoproteins
E. Very-low-density lipoproteins
Answer: C. Low-density lipoproteins
Calcium concentration is regulated by
A. hormones.
B. sodium and calcium concentration in plasma.
C. chloride and phosphate concentration in plasma.
D. the parasympathetic nervous system.
E. the sympathetic nervous system.
Answer: A. hormones
Hemorrhages
A. decrease body water but increase osmolarity.
B. increase ECF volume but decrease ICF volume.
C. decrease body water but do not significantly affect osmolarity.
D. decrease body water and decrease osmolarity.
E. decrease ECF volume but increase ICF volume.
Answer: C. decrease body water but do not significantly affect osmolarity.
The TMR is NOT influenced by
A. age
B. gender
C. surface area
D. hormones
E. water consumption
Answer: E. Water consumption
The first step in using amino acids as fuel is to _____________ them.
A. transaminate
B. digest
C. deaminate
D. synthesize
E. aminate
Answer: C. deaminate
The developing individual is called a(n) ___________ during most of the first 2 weeks, a(n) _____________ from 3 through 8 weeks, and a(n) ____________ from the beginning of week 9 until birth.
A. zygote; embryo; blastocyst
B. zygote; blastocyst; embryo
C. blastocyst; fetus; embryo
D. blastocyst; embryo; fetus
E. embryo; blastocyst; fetus
Answer: D. blastocyst; embryo; fetus
Mesenchyme (from the mesoderm) gives rise to
A. reproductive and urinary systems.
B. the integumentary system and exocrine glands.
C. muscle, bone, and blood.
D. digestive organs and endocrine glands.
E. nervous tissue.
Answer: C. muscle, bone, and blood.
In acidosis, the membrane potential of nerve cells is ___, which ___ the central nervous system.
A. repolarized; inhibits
B. hyperpolarized; depresses
C. depolarized; depresses
D. depolarized; stimulates
E. hyperpolarized; stimulates
Answer: B. hyperpolarized; depresses
Primary germ layers are formed during
A. implantation.
B. gastrulation.
C. cleavage.
D. conception.
E. organogenesis.
Answer: B. gastrulation.
The major chemical buffers systems of the body are the ___ systems.
A. bicarbonate, nucleic acids, and protein
B. bicarbonate, phosphate, and nitrate
C. urinary and respiratory
D. bicarbonate, phosphate, and protein
E. urinary and digestive
Answer: D. bicarbonate, phosphate, and protein
Fluid intake is governed mainly by hypothalamic neurons called
A. proprioceptors.
B. osmoreceptors.
C. baroreceptors.
D. nociceptors.
E. mechanoreceptors.
Answer: B. osmoreceptors.
In fetal circulation, blood bypasses the lungs by flowing through
A. the foramen ovale and ductus arteriosus.
B. the ligamentum venosum and ligamentum arteriosum.
C. the fossa ovalis and umbilical arteries and vein.
D. the ductus venosus and ductus arteriosus.
E. the umbilical vein and umbilical arteries.
Answer: A. the foramen ovale and ductus arteriosus.
Which is the healthiest ratio?
A. high LDL: low chylomicron
B. high HDL: low LDL
C. high LDL: low HDL
D. high chylomicron: low LDL
E. high SFA: low HDL
Answer: B. high HDL: low LDL
____________ is a product of glycolysis.
A. Glucose
B. Carbon dioxide
C. Lactic acid
D. Pyruvic acid
E. oxaloacetate
Answer: D. Pyruvic acid
Proteins can buffer a drop in pH by their _____ side groups and can buffer an increase in pH by their _____ side groups.
A. -NH2; -PO4
B. -PO4; -COOH
C. -NH2; -COOH
D. -COOH; -NH2
E. -PO4; -NH2
Answer: C. -NH2; -COOH
Most protein in the body is found in
A. the skeletal system.
B. the muscular system.
C. the cardiovascular system.
D. the integumentary system.
E. the lymphatic system.
Answer: B. the muscular system.
____________ is secreted during the postabsorptive state.
A. Glucagon
B. Cholecystokinin (CCK)
C. Gastrin
D. Insulin
E. Secretin
Answer: A. Glucagon
In the fast block to polyspermy, binding of sperm opens up _________ channels, which depolarizes the egg membrane and _________.
A. Ca2+; prevents the entrance of any more sperm
B. Ca2+; prevents the entrance of more Na+
C. Na+; prevents the entrance of more Na+
D. Na+; prevents the entrance of any more sperm
E. Na+; prevents the entrance of Ca2+
Answer: D. Na+; prevents the entrance of any more sperm
During the absorptive state
A. the principal regulatory hormone is glucagon.
B. blood glucose falls.
C. fatty acids are oxidized for fuel.
D. lipolysis is active.
E. gluconeogenesis is suppressed.
Answer: E. gluconeogenesis is suppressed
A. metabolic alkalosis.
B. metabolic acidosis.
C. respiratory acidosis.
D. lymphatic alkalosis.
E. respiratory alkalosis.
Answer: A.metabolic alkalosis
Hypernatremia tends to cause all of the following except
A. edema.
B. water retention.
C. interstitial fluid accumulation.
D. a reduction in plasma volume.
E. hypertension.
Answer: D. a reduction in plasma volume
Which of the following major events of prenatal development happens first?
A. the eyes are fully open
B. meconium accumulates in the intestines
C. bone calcification begins
D. the body is covered with lanugo
E. the central nervous system begins to form
Answer: E. the central nervous system begins to form
In early pregnancy, ____________ stimulates growth of the corpus luteum.
A. human chorionic gonadotropin
B. follicle-stimulating hormone
C. human chorionic somatomammotropin
D. adrenocorticotropic hormone
E. progesterone
Answer: A. human chorionic gonadotropin
Lactation is stimulated and enhanced by ______________ and the release of ____________.
A. labor; testosterone.
B. suckling; estrogen.
C. suckling; prolactin.
D. parturition; prolactin.
E. parturition; progesterone.
Answer: C. sucking; prolactin
During implantation, the trophoblast divides into two layers. The innermost layer, the _________, becomes the chorionic villi, and an outermost layer, the ___________, which forms the decidua basalis and main placental tissue.
A. chorion; amnion
B. chorion; embryoblast
C. syncytiotrophoblast; cytotrophoblast
D. cytotrophoblast; syncytiotrophoblast
E. embryoblast; amnion
Answer: D. cytotrophoblast; syncytiotrophoblast
What protein(s) is/are the most important buffer(s) in blood plasma?
A. alpha globulins
B. fibrinogen
C. gamma globulins
D. transferrin
E. albumin
Answer: E. Albumin
What protein(s) is/are the most important buffer(s) in erythrocytes?
A. albumin
B. fibrinogen
C. gamma globulins
D. hemoglobin
E. myoglobin
Answer: D. hemoglobin
Incomplete fatty acid oxidation produces ____________, whereas complete oxidation produces ____________.
A. triglycerides; keto acids
B. acetyl-CoA; glycerol
C. pyruvic acid; glucose
D. glycerol; acetyl CoA
E. ketone bodies; acetyl CoA
Answer: E. Ketone Bodies; acetyl CoA
The _________________ provides fetal nutrition and secretes hormones that regulate pregnancy and fetal development.
A. uterus
B. myometrium
C. endometrium
D. blastocyst
E. placenta
Answer: E. Placenta
___________ are short term regulators of appetite, whereas ______________ is a long- term regulator.
A. Peptide YY (PYY) and cholecystokinin (CCK); insulin
B. Insulin and cholecystokinin (CCK); peptide YY (PYY)
C. Leptin and insulin; peptide YY (PYY)
D. Peptide YY (PYY) and insulin; cholecystokinin (CCK)
E. Leptin and insulin; cholecystokinin (CCK)
Answer: A. Peptide YY (PYY) and cholecystokinin (CCK); insulin
______________ constitute the so-called "bad cholesterol."
A. Triglycerides
B. Chylomicrons
C. Low-density lipoproteins
D. High-density lipoproteins
E. Very-low-density lipoproteins
Answer: C. Low-density lipoproteins
Calcium concentration is regulated by
A. hormones.
B. sodium and calcium concentration in plasma.
C. chloride and phosphate concentration in plasma.
D. the parasympathetic nervous system.
E. the sympathetic nervous system.
Answer: A. hormones
Hemorrhages
A. decrease body water but increase osmolarity.
B. increase ECF volume but decrease ICF volume.
C. decrease body water but do not significantly affect osmolarity.
D. decrease body water and decrease osmolarity.
E. decrease ECF volume but increase ICF volume.
Answer: C. decrease body water but do not significantly affect osmolarity.
The TMR is NOT influenced by
A. age
B. gender
C. surface area
D. hormones
E. water consumption
Answer: E. Water consumption
The first step in using amino acids as fuel is to _____________ them.
A. transaminate
B. digest
C. deaminate
D. synthesize
E. aminate
Answer: C. deaminate
The developing individual is called a(n) ___________ during most of the first 2 weeks, a(n) _____________ from 3 through 8 weeks, and a(n) ____________ from the beginning of week 9 until birth.
A. zygote; embryo; blastocyst
B. zygote; blastocyst; embryo
C. blastocyst; fetus; embryo
D. blastocyst; embryo; fetus
E. embryo; blastocyst; fetus
Answer: D. blastocyst; embryo; fetus
Mesenchyme (from the mesoderm) gives rise to
A. reproductive and urinary systems.
B. the integumentary system and exocrine glands.
C. muscle, bone, and blood.
D. digestive organs and endocrine glands.
E. nervous tissue.
Answer: C. muscle, bone, and blood.
In acidosis, the membrane potential of nerve cells is ___, which ___ the central nervous system.
A. repolarized; inhibits
B. hyperpolarized; depresses
C. depolarized; depresses
D. depolarized; stimulates
E. hyperpolarized; stimulates
Answer: B. hyperpolarized; depresses
Primary germ layers are formed during
A. implantation.
B. gastrulation.
C. cleavage.
D. conception.
E. organogenesis.
Answer: B. gastrulation.
The major chemical buffers systems of the body are the ___ systems.
A. bicarbonate, nucleic acids, and protein
B. bicarbonate, phosphate, and nitrate
C. urinary and respiratory
D. bicarbonate, phosphate, and protein
E. urinary and digestive
Answer: D. bicarbonate, phosphate, and protein
Fluid intake is governed mainly by hypothalamic neurons called
A. proprioceptors.
B. osmoreceptors.
C. baroreceptors.
D. nociceptors.
E. mechanoreceptors.
Answer: B. osmoreceptors.
In fetal circulation, blood bypasses the lungs by flowing through
A. the foramen ovale and ductus arteriosus.
B. the ligamentum venosum and ligamentum arteriosum.
C. the fossa ovalis and umbilical arteries and vein.
D. the ductus venosus and ductus arteriosus.
E. the umbilical vein and umbilical arteries.
Answer: A. the foramen ovale and ductus arteriosus.
Which is the healthiest ratio?
A. high LDL: low chylomicron
B. high HDL: low LDL
C. high LDL: low HDL
D. high chylomicron: low LDL
E. high SFA: low HDL
Answer: B. high HDL: low LDL
____________ is a product of glycolysis.
A. Glucose
B. Carbon dioxide
C. Lactic acid
D. Pyruvic acid
E. oxaloacetate
Answer: D. Pyruvic acid
Proteins can buffer a drop in pH by their _____ side groups and can buffer an increase in pH by their _____ side groups.
A. -NH2; -PO4
B. -PO4; -COOH
C. -NH2; -COOH
D. -COOH; -NH2
E. -PO4; -NH2
Answer: C. -NH2; -COOH
Most protein in the body is found in
A. the skeletal system.
B. the muscular system.
C. the cardiovascular system.
D. the integumentary system.
E. the lymphatic system.
Answer: B. the muscular system.
____________ is secreted during the postabsorptive state.
A. Glucagon
B. Cholecystokinin (CCK)
C. Gastrin
D. Insulin
E. Secretin
Answer: A. Glucagon
In the fast block to polyspermy, binding of sperm opens up _________ channels, which depolarizes the egg membrane and _________.
A. Ca2+; prevents the entrance of any more sperm
B. Ca2+; prevents the entrance of more Na+
C. Na+; prevents the entrance of more Na+
D. Na+; prevents the entrance of any more sperm
E. Na+; prevents the entrance of Ca2+
Answer: D. Na+; prevents the entrance of any more sperm
During the absorptive state
A. the principal regulatory hormone is glucagon.
B. blood glucose falls.
C. fatty acids are oxidized for fuel.
D. lipolysis is active.
E. gluconeogenesis is suppressed.
Answer: E. gluconeogenesis is suppressed
If the answers is incorrect or not given, you can answer the above question in the comment box. If the answers is incorrect or not given, you can answer the above question in the comment box.